Introduction and Definitional Framework Anti-Black attitudes represent a complex and deeply entrenched psychological and social phenomenon characterized by negative evaluations, stereotypes, and discriminatory behaviors directed specifically toward individuals of Black ancestry. These attitudes are not merely isolated instances of prejudice but form a pervasive system of beliefs rooted in historical subjugation, including chattel slavery and […]
African American Historical Trauma: Definition and Scope African American Historical Trauma (AAHT) refers to the cumulative emotional, psychological, spiritual, and physical wounding inflicted upon African Americans across generations, stemming from the catastrophic events of chattel slavery, followed by persistent systemic oppression, including Jim Crow segregation, state-sanctioned violence, and institutional racism. Unlike individual post-traumatic stress disorder […]