Introduction to Affective Intergroup Bias Affective Intergroup Bias (AIB) constitutes the emotional dimension of prejudice, characterized by the systematic tendency to experience and express positive feelings, such as warmth, admiration, or trust, toward members of one’s own group (the ingroup), while simultaneously experiencing negative feelings, such as hostility, distrust, fear, or contempt, toward members of […]
Introduction to Age Stereotypes Age stereotypes represent deeply ingrained, often automatic, generalizations about the characteristics, abilities, and behavioral patterns of individuals based solely on their chronological age. These cognitive shortcuts function as schemas that help individuals process complex social information, but they frequently lead to prejudiced attitudes and discriminatory behaviors, collectively known as ageism. While […]
Bias Against the Elderly: An Overview of Ageism Ageism, defined as prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination directed against people based on their age, primarily targeting older individuals, represents a pervasive and often unacknowledged form of bias globally. Coined by geriatrician and psychiatrist Robert Butler in 1969, ageism was initially characterized as a deep-seated uneasiness, a personal […]
Introduction and Definition of Ambivalent Classism Ambivalent Classism refers to a complex, multidimensional framework used to understand prejudice and discrimination based on socioeconomic status. Unlike traditional, unitary models of class prejudice, the ambivalent perspective posits that attitudes toward different social classes are not uniformly negative but are instead composed of two distinct, often conflicting components: […]
Introduction and Definition of Amnestic Heterosexism Amnestic Heterosexism, a critical concept within queer theory and social psychology, describes the systematic and often unconscious process by which the historical record of violence, persecution, and structural discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) individuals is forgotten, minimized, or actively erased from collective memory. This phenomenon […]
Defining Anticipated Discrimination and its Theoretical Roots Anticipated discrimination refers to the psychological state wherein an individual or group expects to be subjected to unfair, prejudicial treatment based on their membership in a specific social category, such as race, gender, sexual orientation, or religion. This construct is fundamentally distinct from experienced discrimination (enacted events) and […]
Anticipation of Incivilities The concept of the Anticipation of Incivilities represents a critical, yet often overlooked, area within organizational psychology and stress research. It describes a proactive, future-oriented cognitive state wherein an individual expects or fears experiencing rude, disrespectful, or low-intensity deviant behaviors from colleagues, supervisors, or clients within their professional environment. Unlike the immediate […]
Definition and Scope of Antisemitic Attitudes Antisemitic attitudes represent a specific, pervasive form of prejudice defined as hostility, bias, or discrimination directed against Jews solely because they are Jewish. As a psychological construct, antisemitism is not merely a set of isolated negative opinions but constitutes a deep-seated, often irrational worldview characterized by a consistent predisposition […]
Introduction and Definition of Associative Stigma Associative stigma, often referred to as courtesy stigma or stigma by association, represents a pervasive psychosocial phenomenon wherein individuals who are closely related to a person bearing a primary stigmatized status themselves become targets of prejudice, discrimination, and social devaluation. This secondary form of marginalization is distinct from the […]
Defining Intergroup Attitudes and Target Groups Attitudes toward target minority groups represent a crucial domain within social psychology, focusing intently on the evaluations, feelings, and behavioral intentions directed toward groups that occupy a subordinate social position, often defined by characteristics such as race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, or disability status. These attitudes are complex psychological […]