Defining Anabolic and Performance Enhancing Drugs Anabolic Appearance and Performance Enhancing Drugs, commonly abbreviated as APEDs, represent a broad category of substances used non-medically to alter physical appearance or improve athletic capability. The core component of this group is Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids (AAS), which are synthetic derivatives of the male hormone testosterone. These compounds are designed […]
Introduction: Defining Performance-Enhancing Substance Use in Sport The phenomenon of athlete drug use, commonly referred to as doping, represents a complex and persistent challenge at all levels of competitive sport, ranging from amateur leagues to elite international competitions such as the Olympic Games. Doping is officially defined by major regulatory bodies, most notably the World […]
Attitudes toward Performance Enhancing Drug Use: An Encyclopedic Overview The study of attitudes toward the use of Performance Enhancing Drugs (PEDs) in sport constitutes a complex intersection of psychology, ethics, sociology, and physiology. PEDs are generally defined as substances or methods used by athletes to improve athletic performance, ranging from anabolic steroids and human growth […]