Introduction to Antiepileptic Drugs and Neurotoxicity Antiepileptic drugs, commonly referred to as AEDs, represent the cornerstone of treatment for epilepsy, a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. While the primary therapeutic goal of these agents is to stabilize neuronal membranes and prevent excessive electrical discharge, their mechanism of action inherently involves modulating complex […]
Introduction and Historical Context of Antipsychotic-Associated Movement Disorders Antipsychotic-associated movement disorders represent a significant category of adverse drug reactions resulting from the pharmacological intervention used to treat severe psychiatric conditions, primarily schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. These disorders are often collectively referred to as extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) because they involve the extrapyramidal motor system, a […]
Introduction to Antipsychotic Medications and the Burden of Adverse Effects Antipsychotic medications represent a cornerstone in the pharmacological management of severe psychiatric conditions, most notably schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and certain forms of major depressive disorder with psychotic features. These agents, broadly categorized into first-generation (typical) and second-generation (atypical) compounds, function primarily by modulating neurotransmission, particularly […]