The Centrality of Sensory Processing in Autism Sensory experiences constitute one of the most defining, yet often misunderstood, aspects of the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnostic criteria. While historically, the core features of autism focused primarily on social communication deficits and restricted, repetitive behaviors, the inclusion of atypical sensory responsiveness in the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and […]
Autism-Specific Sensory Sensitivity: Definition and Scope Sensory processing differences represent a core, defining feature of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), formally recognized as a diagnostic criterion within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). These sensitivities are not merely preferences or mild irritations; rather, they involve atypical neurological responses to sensory input […]
Introduction and Definition of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) represents a complex, lifelong neurodevelopmental condition characterized by persistent difficulties in social communication and social interaction, alongside restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. The term “spectrum” is critically important, reflecting the vast heterogeneity in symptom presentation, severity, functional impairment, and associated […]
Introduction to Autistic Traits and the Spectrum Autistic traits represent a dimensional conceptualization of characteristics historically associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Rather than viewing autism as a strictly categorical diagnosis—meaning an individual either has it or does not—the dimensional model posits that these specific cognitive, behavioral, and sensory features exist along a continuum within […]
Introduction to Behavior Analysis Behavior Analysis (BA) is a comprehensive, natural-science approach to the study of behavior, focusing primarily on the functional relationship between environmental variables and observable actions. Unlike many traditional psychological frameworks that rely heavily on hypothetical constructs or internal mental states, behavior analysis seeks to identify and manipulate the environmental factors that […]
Behavior Problems in Developmental Disabilities Behavior problems, often referred to as challenging behaviors, constitute a significant area of concern for individuals diagnosed with developmental disabilities (DDs), their families, and support professionals. Developmental disabilities encompass a range of conditions, including intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, and certain genetic syndromes, characterized by impairments in physical, […]
Introduction and Definition of Behavioral Inflexibility Behavioral inflexibility, often termed cognitive rigidity or perseveration, represents a fundamental deficit in the ability of an organism to adjust its actions, strategies, or responses in the face of changing environmental demands, feedback, or internal states. This psychological construct is critical for understanding adaptive behavior, as successful navigation of […]
Defining the Broad Autism Phenotype (BAP) The Broad Autism Phenotype (BAP) refers to a collection of personality, cognitive, and behavioral characteristics that are qualitatively similar to, but less severe than, those observed in individuals diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). It is conceptualized as an extension of the autism spectrum into the general population, particularly […]